Abbreviations
45Q
45Q tax credit
AFOLU
agriculture, forestry, and other land use
ARPA-E
Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
ASU
air separation unit
bbl
barrel of oil
BECCS
bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration/storage
BTU/mmBTU
British thermal unit/one million British thermal units
C
carbon
CAPEX
capital expenditures
CCS
carbon capture and storage
CCU
carbon capture and utilization
CCUS
carbon capture, utilization, and storage
CDL
cropland data layer
CDR
carbon dioxide removal
CI
carbon intensity
CKD
cement kiln dust
CLT
cross-laminated timber
CO2
carbon dioxide
CO2eq
CO2 equivalent
CRF
capital recovery factor
CRMS
Coastwide Reference Monitoring System
CSP
concentrated solar power
CWPPRA
Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act
DAC
direct air capture
DOE
United States Department of Energy
EIA
United States Energy Information Administration
EJ
exajoule
EOR
enhanced oil recovery
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
EU
European Union
FOAK/Nth-OAK
first-of-a-kind (FOAK) or nth-of-a-kind
GCCC
Gulf Coast Carbon Center
GHG
greenhouse gas
GIS
geographic information system
Gt
gigatonne
GTM
global timber model
GWP
global warming potential
ha
hectare
HE
hard-to-avoid emissions
HHV
higher heating value
IAM
integrated assessment model
IEAGHG
International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Research and Development Programme
IFM
improved forest management
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISBL
inside battery limits
ISO
International Standards Organization
J
Joule
kJ
kilojoule
kt
kilotonne
kW
kilowatt
kWh
kilowatt-hour
LCA
life cycle analysis
LCFS
low-carbon fuel standard
LED
low energy demand scenario
LHV
lower heating value
LR
learning rate
MJ
megajoule
Mt
megatonne
MW
megawatt
NASEM
National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine
NET
negative emissions technology
OSBL
outside battery limits
PGE
platinum group elements
pH
potential of hydrogen
ppm
parts per million
PSU
practical salinity units
PV
photovoltaics
RCP
representative concentration pathway
RD&D
research, development, and demonstration
SAU
storage assessment unit
SBSTA
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
SDWA
Safe Drinking Water Act
SLCP
short-lived climate pollutant
SMR
steam methane reformation
SOC
soil organic carbon
SRM
solar radiation management
t
tonne
TEA
techno-economic analysis
TRL
technology readiness level
UN
United Nations
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
USGS
United States Geological Survey
WACC
weighted average cost of capital
WBCSD
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
WGSR
water-gas shift reaction
WRI
World Resources Institute
wt
weight